Varicose veins

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that often appear as bulging, bluish or dark purple cords just beneath the surface of the skin. They most commonly develop in the legs and ankles because these areas are subject to the effects of gravity, which makes it harder for blood to flow back up to the heart.
Inside our veins, there are tiny valves that open to let blood flow toward the heart and close to prevent it from flowing backward. When these valves become weak or damaged, blood can start to pool in the veins, causing them to stretch and become enlarged. This process results in the characteristic appearance of varicose veins.
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing varicose veins.

  • Genetics play a significant role—if family members have them, you're more likely to develop them too

  • As we age, our veins can weaken, and the valves may become less effective

  • Pregnancy increases blood volume and puts extra pressure on the veins in the legs, which can lead to varicose veins

  • Obesity adds extra pressure on the veins, making it harder for blood to flow efficiently

  • Additionally, occupations that require long periods of standing or sitting can make it harder for the efficient return of blood through the veins, increasing the risk



While many people with varicose veins experience little more than cosmetic concerns, others may experience symptoms like aching, throbbing, swelling, heaviness, or itching around the affected veins. In some cases, varicose veins can lead to more serious issues, such as skin ulcers or blood clots.

Here are some of the options for how varicose veins can be managed

  • Lifestyle Changes

    • Wearing compression stockings

    • Elevating legs

    • Regular exercise

    • Maintaining a healthy weight

    • Avoiding prolonged standing or sitting



  • Surgical Options

    • Vein stripping and ligation


  • Medical Management

    • Pain relief and skin care


There has been recent guidance published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) regarding varicose veins which can be viewed here. Nice Guidance

Further information about varicose veins can be found on the Circulation Foundation page which is an independent information source from the UK Circulation Foundation

Cartoon illustration of a doctor and a patient in a medical office. The patient, sitting on an examination table with his legs exposed, has visible blue veins. The doctor, holding a clipboard and wearing a stethoscope, is saying, 'Let's give that leg a break with foam.'